Publication Code: S18

LIST OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CHAPTER 1:    OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.1    RATIONALEOBJECTIVES

1.2    CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1.2.1    Acquisitionof Technology

(a)    Technology Acquisition
(b)    Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Modes of Technology Acquisiton

1.2.2    Resources of, and Market Conditions Facing Entrepreneurs
1.2.3    Obstacles in Technology Acquisition
1.2.4    Target Technologies

1.3    APPROACH AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.4    ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

CHAPTER 2:    TECHNOLOGY SUPPLY SYSTEM

2.1    TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION THROUGH IMPORT FROM ABROAD: AN OVERALL PICTURE

2.2    TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITON THROUGH LOCAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

2.2.1    Technology Development under the Patent System
2.2.2    Technology Development in the Private Sector
2.2.3    Government Technology Support and Services

(a)    Technology Development
(b)    Technology Information Services
(c)    Technology Promotion and Services

2.2.4    Technology Promotion in the Private Sector

2.3    SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MANPOWER PRODUCTION

2.4    CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER 3:    THE AUTOMOBILE, METAL-WORKING AND MACHINERY INDUSTRIES COUNTRIES

3.1    INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

3.2    TECHNLOLOGY STATUS

3.2.1    Design Capability

(a)    Design Technology
(b)    Product-specific Technology

3.2.2.    Manufacturing Capability

(a)    Process Technology
(b)    Production-management Technology

3.2.3    The Metal-working Industry

(a)    Design Capability
(b)    Manufacturing Capability

3.2.4    The Machinery Industry

(a)    Design Capability
(b)    Manufacturing Capability

3.2.5    The Motor Vehicle Industry

(a)    Design Capability
(b)    Manufacturing Capability

3.3.    TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION

3.4    THE ENTREPRENEURS'S OPINIONS ON PROBLEMS AND OBSTACLES

3.4.1    Lack of Necessary Capital for Technological Development and High Interest Rate
3.4.2    Tax Structure
3.4.3    Limited Number of Manufacturers in Supporting Industry
3.4.4    The Taxing Method of the Customs Department
3.4.5    Import of Used Machinery and Machine Tools

3.5    FPROBLEMS AND OBSTACLES IN MAJOR TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITON

3.5.1    Basic Metallurgical Knowledge

(a)    Lack of Personnel
(b)    Problems in Metallurgincal Teaching in Academic Institutions and Governmental Agencies

3.5.2    Metal-working Technology

(a)    The Demand for High-quality Goods
(b)    Knowledge, Skill and Know-how
(c)    Precision Measuring Techniques
(d)    Tool Design
(e)    Attitude Toward Technology Acquisition

3.5.3    Computer-aided Technology
3.5.4    Production-Management Technology

3.6    OPPORTUNITY AND OBSTACLES IN THE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN THE FUTURE

3.6.1    Marketing Opportunity and Obstatcles
3.6.2    Technological Opportunity and Obstacles
3.6.3    Production Opportunity and Obstacles

CHAPTER 4:    THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

4.1    INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

4.2    THE STATUS OF TECHNOLOGY

4.2.1    Design Capability

(a)    Design Technology
(b)    Product-specific Technology

4.2.2    Manufacturing Capability

(a)    Process Technology
(b)    Product-Management Technology

4.2.3    Consumer Electronics

(a)    Design Capability
(b)    manufacturing Capability

4.2.4    Industrial Electrononics

(a)    Design Capability
(b)    Manufacturing Capability

4.2.5    Component Electronics

(a)    Design Capability
(b)    Manufacturing Capability

4.3    TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITON

4.3.1    Consumer electronics
4.3.2    Industrial Electronics Industry
4.3.3    Electronic Component/Parts Industry

4.4    PROBLEMS AND OBSTACLES FROM THE MANUFACTURERS' POINTS OF VIEW

4.4.1    Tax Structure
4.4.2    Control of Domestic Raw Material and Selling of Component Parts
4.4.3    Shortage of Support Inudstry Producers
4.4.4    Lack of an Organization that Conducts Standard Certification and Calibration of Measurement Equipment
4.4.5    Closed Government Market

4.5    PROBLEMS AND OBSTACLES IN MAIN TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITON

4.5.1    Design Technology

(a)    Attitude of the Entrepreneur
(b)    Market Structure of the Producers
(c)    personnel Shortage
(d)    Non Availabiltiy of Ready Parts and Components in the Country
(e)    Import Duty on Computer Software and Testing Equipment

4.5.2    Product Specific Technology

(a)    The Manufacturers' Attitudes
(b)    Information Source
(c)    Production Size

4.5.3    Process Technology

(a)    The Shortage of Engineering Consultants
(b)    The Price of Machinery and Equipment

4.5.4    Production-Management Technology

(a)    The Attitudes of the Manufacturers
(b)    Production Scale

4.6    OPPORTUNITIES FOR AND OBSTACLES AGAINST FUTRUE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

4.6.1    Marketing Opportunities and Obstacles
4.6.2    Technological Opportunities and Obstacles
4.6.3    Production Opportunities and Obstacles

5.1    THE TEXTILE INUDSTRY

5.1.1    Status of Technology in the Thai Textile Industry

(a)    Spinning
(b)    Weaving and Knitting
(c)    Bleaching and Dyeing
(d)    Garment Production

5.1.2    Acquisition and Transfer of Technology

5.1.3    Technological problems and Acquision of Principal Technology

(a)    machine Utilization Technology
(b)    Chemical Textile Technology
(c)    Waste Water management
(d)    Energy Saving Technology

5.1.4    Obstacles in Technology Acquisition of the Thai Textile Industry

(a)    Bottleneck in the Bleaching/dyeing Industry
(b)    Capacity Regulation of the Industry
(c)    A Lack of Specialized Personnel

5.1.5    Obstacles in TEchnology Acquisition at Producers' Level

(a)    Market Restrictions
(b)    Lack of Information
(c)    Obstacles which Hinder State's Access

5.2    THE FOOD INDUSTRY

5.2.1    Status of the Food Processing Industry

(a)    Canned Vegetables and Fruits
(b)    Canned Vegetable and Fruit Juice
(c)    Canned Sea Food
(d)    Frozen Fruits and Vegetables

5.2.2    The Status of Technology in the Food Industry

(a)    Canned Food Industry
(b)    The Frozen Food Industry

5.2.3    Technology Acquisition

5.2.4    Problems and Obstacles Seen by Entrepreneurs

5.2.5    Problems and Obstacles in the Acquisition of Industry Specific Technology

(a)    Problem of Lacking Basic Knowledge and Production Experience
(b)    Supporting Industries such as Machinery and Metal-working Industries are Weak

5.2.6    Problems and Obstacles in Acquisiton of Generic Technology

5.3    THE GEM AND JEWELRY INDUSTRY

5.3.1    The Status of Technology

(a)    Heat Treatment
(b)    Cutting
(c)    Making Gem Bezels and Gem Setting

5.3.2    Acquisition of Technology

5.3.3    Problems and Obstacles in Acquisition of Main Technology

(a)    Gemology
(b)    Metallurgy

5.4    THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY

5.4.1    The General Status

(a)    Small Subcontractors
(b)    Subcontractors and Commodity Producers
(c)    Medium Sized Factories Which are Capable of making Molds and Dies
(d)    Large Size Factoreis Which Manufacture Their own Products and Join-venture Firms

5.4.2    Problems of Technology Acquisition from the Views of Entrepreneurs

(a)    Medium Size and Small Size Factories
(b)    Medium Size Factories
(c)    Large Sized Factories Which Become a Joint-venture with Foreign Firms

5.4.3    Obstacles in Technology Acquisition

(a)    Compounding Technology
(b)    Mold and Die Designing
(c)    Management Technology

5.4.4    Opportunities for the Plastic Industry

(a)    Product Designing
(b)    Labor for Plastic Injection
(c)    Mold and Die Making

5.5    CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 6:    STUDY CONCLUSION ON GUIDELINES, MEASURES AND MECHANISMS

6.1    STUDY CONCLUSIONS

6.1.1    Technology Acquisition

6.1.2    Conditions Related to Markets, Entrepreneurial REsources and Technology Selection Decision

6.1.3    Obstacles of Industrial Technology Acquisition and Development

(a)    Lack of Science and Technology Infrastructure for Investment in Industrial Technology Acquisition and Development
(b)    High Technology Costs (Costs referred to here include machinery, testing equipment and interests)
(c)    Obstacles Arising from Government Measures

6.2    GUIDELINES AND MEASURES

6.2.1    To Imporove the Organization Structure and Infrastructure for Industrial Technology Development Investment

(a)    To Formulate the National Industrial and Technological Development Guideline
(b)    To use the Joint Public-private Fund System to Replace the General Public Administration in Developing Industrial Technology
(c)    To Improve Financial Regulations to Enable Public Agencies Involved in Technology Service Promotion and Provision to Maintain More Flexibility and More Efficient Management
(d)    To Upgrade Technology of Supporting Industries

6.2.2    To Promote the Efficiency of Market Mechanisms and Technology Transfer from Abroad

(a)    To Abolish Control on production Capacity
(b)    To Promote Information-related Measures
(c)    To Improve the Existing Tax Structure which is an Obstacle to the Imports of Machinery and Testing Equipment i.e.

6.2.3    To Ecourage Non-government Organization (NGOs) Both in Thailand and Overseas to Play a More Active Role in Technology Extension

6.2.4    To Accelerate the Production of Qualified Technical Human Resources

6.2.5    To Implement Measures and Projects Focussing on Target Products and Technologies

6.3    INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES AND MEASURES

6.3.1    Machinery, Automotive and Metal-working Industry

(1)    Targets
(2)    Guidelines and Measures

(a)    To Raise Funds for Organization and Infrastructure Improvement
(b)    To Promote the Market Mechanism and Eliminate Technology Acquisition Obstales and to Increase the Efficiency of Technology Transfer from Overseas
(c)    To Accelerate the Development of Human Resources Related to Machinery and Metal-working Technology
(d)    To Encourage the Private Sector to be Involved in Technoogy Promotion
(e)    To Initiate a Project on Technology Development for Targeted products

6.3.2    The Electronics Industry

(1)    Targets
(2)    Guidelines and Measures

(a)    To Mobilize Financial Resources to Improve Organizations for Industrial Technology Development
(b)    To Eliminate the Obstacles of Technology Acquisiton and Market Mechanism Promotion
(c)    To Encourage the Private Sector to Participate in Technology Services and Promotion
(d)    To accelerate the Production and Development of Human Resources for the Electronics Industry
(e)    To Promote Technology Infrastructure
(f)    Measures and Mechanisms Related to Targeted Product Development Programs

6.3.3    Textiles Industry

(1)    Target
(2)    Guidelines and Measures

(a)    To Mobilize Funds and Improve Organizational Structures to to Develop Textile Technology
(b)    To Promote Market Mechanisms and Eliminate the Obstacles of Technology Imports
(c)    To Accelerate the Production of Technical Human Resources in Terms of Both Quantity and Quality

6.3.4    Food Industy

(1)    Target
(2)    Guidelines and Measures

(a)    To Mobilize Funds and Improve Organizations for Technology Development
(b)    To Promote R&D Activities and to Improve the Technological Base and Production Efficiency of the Food Industry in the Following Aspects
(c)    To Promote the Dissemination of Knowledge and Training on Sanitation, Quality Control and Production Management

6.3.5    Gems and Jewelry Industry

(1)    Target
(2)    Guidelines and Measures

(a)    To Establish the Colour Standards
(b)    To Encourage the Private Education Institutes to Set Up Gemology Institutes
(c)    To transfer Knowledge on Gemology to Thai companies

6.3.6    Plastics Industry

(1)    Target
(2)    Guidelines and Measures

(a)    To Accelerate the Production of Technical Manpower
(b)    To Establish Target Product Projects
(c)    To Promote the Transfer of Technology from Foreign Companies