Publication Code: BH5
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Preface
Social Impacts of the Asian Economic Crisis
in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines: Synthesis Report
by Srawooth Paitoonpong
1. The Causes of the Crisis
Economic impact
Social impact
Employment
Poverty and income distribution
2. Education
Health
Other social problems
3. Social Safety Nets and Government Responses to the Social Impact
Summary and Conclusion
References
Social Responses to Economic Crisis in
Thailand: Some Evidence during 1997-99
by Sauwalak Kittiprapas, and Chedtha Intaravitak
Executive Summary
1. Introduction
1.1 Causes of Crisis
1.2 Impacts
2. Labor Market Adjustment
2.1 Overview
2.2 Uneven impact by sectors
2.3 Impacts on real average wage earnings
2.4 Labor markets by area and migration
2.5 Vulnerable and disadvantaged groups
3. Impact on Income, Poverty and Income Distribution
3.1 Income
3.2 Impacts on poverty and poverty profiles
3.3 Impacts on income distribution
4. Impacts on Social Sectors
4.1 Education: school dropouts and child labor
4.2 Health and environment deterioration
4.3 Impacts on community and family
5. Policy Responses to Address the Impacts on Social Sectors
5.1 Overall economic policies
5.2 Social policy responses
5.3 Social safety nets
6. Coping Strategies
7. Economic Prospects Affecting Social Impact
8. Conclusion
Appendix 1 Computing Real Wages on a Monthly Basis
Appendix 2 Measurement of Poverty and Inequality
References
The Social Impacts of the Indonesian Economic
Crisis
by Tubagus Feridhanusetyawan
Summary
1. Introduction
2. From Economic Collapse to Social Problems
2.1 Macroeconomic background
2.2 The transmission
2.3 The changing patterns of expenditure and income
3. The sources of data
4. The labor Market
4.1 Labor force and unemployment
4.2 Tracing the patterns of labor displacement
4.3 Underemployment
4.4 The changing structure of the labor market
4.5 International labor migration
4.6 Earning and productivity
5. Education and Health
5.1 Education
5.2 Health
6. The Informal Sector
6.1 More competition
6.2 Lower demand
6.3 Lower income
6.4 Heterogeneous impact
6.5 Home-based workers
6.6 Farm workers
7. Distributional Impact
7.1 Regional distribution
7.2 Rich and poor
7.3 The vulnerable groups: women, children, and the elderly
8. Poverty
8.1 Early estimates
8.2 The BPS poverty figures
8.3 Poverty during the crisis: a summary
9. Food insecurity
10. The Safety Net
10.1 Coping with the crisis: the government social safety nets
10.2 Coping strategies at the household level
11. Final Remarks and Policy Implications
11.1 Policy Implications
References
Some Social Consequences of the 1997-8
Economic Crisis in Malaysia
by Jomo K.S., and Lee Hwok Aun
Introduction
From Miracle To Debacle
A Crisis of A New Type?
Policy Responses: Deepening the Crisis
Banking System Distress
Boom and Bust
Recovery
Social Impacts
Income
Economic welfare
Government expenditure and social programs
Conclusion
References
Social Impact of the Asian Crisis in the
Philippines
by Gloria O. Pasadilla
Executive Summary
I. The Philippine Economy: Before and During the Asian Crisis
A. Pre-crisis economy
B. Financial liberalization and economic vulnerability
C. Immediate effects of the crisis and government response
D. Two crises compared
II. Macroeconomic and Sectoral Impact of the Asian Crisis
Effects on the industrial sector
Effects on labor
Effect on overseas Filipino workers (OFWs)
Effects on prices
III. Effect of the Asian Crisis on Income Distribution
The poor defined
Factor income distribution by income class
Results of the SAM impact analysis
IV. Social impact of the Economic Crisis
The spending of the poor
Social impact
Social safety nets and the Asian crisis
Policy recommendations
Appendix A Computing the Net External Orientation of Industries
Appendix B Gross Value Added in Manufacturing by Industry Group, 1996-1999
Appendix C Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) Framework and Analysis
Bibliography